BPC-157 (Pentadecapeptide)
The Zagreb BPC-157 Research History
The University of Zagreb research group led by Predrag Sikiric has driven BPC-157 research since the 1990s. Their programme includes the peptide's original characterisation from gastric juice and the majority of published animal-model studies on tissue repair and gastric protection.
Key facts
- Institution
- University of Zagreb
- Principal investigator
- Predrag Sikiric
- Programme start
- 1990s
Impact and limitations
The Zagreb programme has produced extensive publication output. A limitation is the concentration of evidence within a single group; independent replication remains sparse.
Extended research context
The BPC-157 (Pentadecapeptide) deep dive
Deep dive: the pentadecapeptide sequence
BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide with the sequence Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val. It is derived from a fragment identified in human gastric juice by the Zagreb research group (Sikirić and colleagues), whose body of published work spans three decades and covers models ranging from tendon repair to gut integrity. The 'BPC' initials stand for 'body protection compound' — the group's original characterisation term.
Two forms: acetate salt vs arginate
BPC-157 is supplied most commonly as an acetate salt; a small subset of suppliers offer the arginate form, which has slightly different solubility and stability properties. For research reproducibility, keep the salt form consistent across a study and confirm which form the CoA specifies (mass ± counterion changes the reading).
Reading a BPC-157 CoA
A trustworthy BPC-157 CoA lists HPLC purity (target ≥98% area), mass-spec confirmation (~1,419 Da for the free peptide), water content (Karl Fischer), acetate content, and residual solvents. Some batches also include endotoxin data. Any missing category is a red flag for a compromised supply chain.
Research applications
- ▸Cell-culture models of gut epithelial integrity
- ▸Tendon fibroblast migration and collagen-synthesis assays
- ▸Angiogenesis models involving VEGF and NO signalling
- ▸Stability studies comparing acetate vs arginate salt forms
- ▸Analytical reference for pentadecapeptide HPLC methods
Handling checklist
- ✓Store lyophilised vial at −20 °C long-term (2–8 °C short-term)
- ✓Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water; a 5 mg vial dissolves cleanly
- ✓Aliquot reconstituted solution; keep refrigerated 2–8 °C, use within 28 days
- ✓Protect from light and repeated warming
- ✓Verify CoA: HPLC ≥98%, mass ~1,419 Da, salt form declared
Common research-handling mistakes
Learnt from thousands of researcher orders across our UK labs.
✗ Mixing acetate and arginate BPC-157 across a study
Fix: Choose one salt form and stay with it — different masses and solubility.
✗ Assuming stability at room temperature
Fix: Refrigerate reconstituted solution; discard after 28 days.
✗ Buying without a CoA
Fix: Only source from suppliers that publish batch HPLC + mass-spec data.
Continue researching
Peer-reviewed guides, comparators and matched reference materials.
Related questions researchers ask
- What does BPC-157 stand for?
- Is BPC-157 the same as pentadecapeptide?
- Who discovered BPC-157?
- What is the difference between BPC-157 acetate and arginate?
- How is BPC-157 reconstituted for research?
Frequently asked questions
- Has anyone else studied BPC-157?
- Some independent groups have replicated portions, but the majority of literature originates from Zagreb.
Primary sources & clinical trials
Peer-reviewed research and registered trials from PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubChem, FDA and NIH. All links open in a new tab and point to the primary source, so every claim can be verified at origin.
- PubMedPubMed — BPC-157 Sikiricpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMedSikirić et al., Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC-157 — Curr Pharm Des 2018 (PMID 29786490)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMedChang et al., BPC-157 accelerates Achilles tendon-to-bone healing — J Appl Physiol 2011 (PMID 21030674)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMedCerovecki et al., Pentadecapeptide BPC-157 promotes ligament healing — J Orthop Res 2010 (PMID 19725106)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMedSeiwerth et al., BPC-157 and blood vessels — Curr Pharm Des (PMID 25373685)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubChemPubChem · BPC-157 (CID 71300630)pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- GuidelineGoogle — Creating helpful, reliable, people-first contentdevelopers.google.com
Written and reviewed by
Jack Muncaster · Founder, UK Peptides
Jack founded UK Peptides in Manchester after repeatedly receiving research compounds with missing or recycled paperwork. He is responsible for supplier selection, batch release decisions and the content published in this research library. Every article here is sourced to primary literature and every product page to a signed third-party certificate.
More BPC-157 (Pentadecapeptide) articles
- BPC-157 and Angiogenesis ResearchBPC-157 angiogenesis research: chorioallantoic membrane assays and rodent injury models report modulation of new blood vessel formation.
- BPC-157 Molecular Structure and PropertiesBPC-157 molecular structure: 15-residue linear peptide, ~1,419 Da, proline-rich, water-soluble and reported stable in acidic conditions.
- BPC-157 Storage and Reconstitution HandlingBPC-157 storage: lyophilised at 2–8°C or −20°C long term; reconstituted with bacteriostatic water and refrigerated. Handling guidance for research use.
- BPC-157 CAS Number and Chemical IdentityBPC-157 CAS Registry Number is 137525-51-0. Molecular formula and identifiers for the pentadecapeptide GEPPPGKPADDAGLV.
- BPC-157 and the Growth Hormone Receptor StudyChang et al. (J Appl Physiol, 2011) reported BPC-157 upregulates growth-hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts in culture.
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